Energy Losses in Bends and Fittings

Energy Losses in Bends and Fittings The equipment is mounted on a free-standing framework which supports the test pipework and instrumentation. The following typical pipe fittings are incorporated for study: mitre bend, 90º elbow, swept bends (large and small radius), sudden contraction and sudden enlargement. All are instrumented with upstream and downstream pressure tappings. These tappings are connected to a bank of twelve water manometer tubes, mounted on the framework. Pressurization of the manometers is facilititated by a hand pump. A gate valve is used to control the flow rate. A separate gate valve is instrumented with upstream and downstream pressure tappings which are connected to a differential gauge on the edge of the framework. The unit stands on the working top of the Hydraulics Bench which is also used as the source of water supply. Experimental Capabilities: Measuring the losses in the devices related to flow rate and calculating loss coefficients related to velocity head. Comparing the pressure drop across each device. Specifications: Pipe diameter: 19.48mm Differential pressure gauge: 0 to 3bar Enlargement diameter: 26.2mm Contraction diameter: 19.48mm Fittings:              – 450 mitre              – elbow              – short bend              – large bend              – enlargement              – contraction Manometer range: 0 to 440mm Number of manometer tubes: 12 Differential manometers: 6